Identifying Different Types of Metals: A guide to Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

Metals can be broadly categorised into two types: ferrous and non-ferrous. Understanding the differences between these types is essential for various applications, from construction to recycling.

Ferrous Metals

Ferrous metals contain iron. They are generally magnetic and known for their strength and durability.

Common Types of Ferrous Metals:

• Carbon Steel: Strong and versatile; used in construction and manufacturing.
• Stainless Steel: Contains chromium for corrosion resistance; used in kitchenware, medical instruments, etc.
• Cast Iron: Brittle but strong; used in pipes and heavy machinery.

Identification Tips:

• Magnet Test: Use a magnet. Ferrous metals will be attracted to it.
• Visual Characteristics: Often have a dull gray or black finish; may show rust if oxidised.
• Weight: Generally heavier than non-ferrous metals.

Non-Ferrous Metals

Non-ferrous metals do not contain significant amounts of iron. They are typically lighter and more resistant to corrosion.

Common Types of Non-Ferrous Metals:

• Aluminum: Lightweight and resistant to corrosion; used in aircraft and packaging.
• Copper: Excellent electrical conductor; used in wiring and plumbing.
• Brass: An alloy of copper and zinc; used in fittings and musical instruments.
• Lead: Dense and malleable; used in batteries and radiation shielding.

Identification Tips:

• Magnet Test: Non-ferrous metals will not be attracted to a magnet.
• Visual Characteristics: Often shiny or have a distinct color (e.g., copper is reddish, aluminum is silver).
• Weight: Generally lighter than ferrous metals, especially aluminum.

Visual Aids

Color Chart

• Ferrous Metals: Dull gray, black, or rust-colored.
• Non-Ferrous Metals: Shiny silver (aluminum), reddish (copper), yellow (brass).

Texture Comparison

• Ferrous Metals: Rougher texture; prone to oxidation.
• Non-Ferrous Metals: Smoother and more polished finish.

Practical Tests

Magnet Test

• Materials: A strong magnet.
• Procedure: Hold the magnet near the metal.
• Result: If attracted, it’s ferrous; if not, it’s non-ferrous.

Scratch Test

• Materials: A piece of glass or ceramic.
• Procedure: Scratch the metal on the surface.
• Result: A shiny mark indicates a non-ferrous metal like aluminum; a dull mark may indicate ferrous.

Weight Comparison

• Materials: A known weight for comparison.
• Procedure: Compare the weight of the metal piece with a known weight.
• Result: If it feels significantly lighter, it’s likely non-ferrous.

By using visual aids and simple tests like the magnet test, you can effectively identify whether a metal is ferrous or non-ferrous. This knowledge is not only crucial for recycling and construction but also for selecting the right materials for specific applications.

Metal recycling yards play a crucial role in the circular economy by facilitating the recycling and reuse of metals, which conserves natural resources, reduces energy consumption, and minimises environmental impact. It’s one of best things about working with H&S Metals, in the knowledge that a sustainable world is of paramount importance to our staff and wider businesses.

If you’re based along the south coast, come to H&S Metals to make money from your scrap metal. We have yards in both Portsmouth and Bishops Waltham. We are registered waste carriers, and offer a scrap metal collection service to domestic, commercial and construction customers, offering free, same day payments for our customers. Find out more about how we recycle metal, and which metals we offer to buy here.